Description: In 1772, David Zeisberger, a missionary of the Moravian Church, established the village of Schoenbrunn on the Tuscarawas River, near present-day New Philadelphia. The word Schoenbrunn means "beautiful spring" in German. The purpose of this community was to provide Moravian missionaries a place to teach Christianity to Native Americans residing in Ohio. At its greatest size, Schoenbrunn had a population of four hundred Christian natives, mostly Delaware Indians, and more than sixty buildings, including the first school and Christian church built in Ohio. During the American Revolution, facing harassment from both the English and the Americans , Zeisberger and his followers abandoned Schoenbrunn in early 1778. They held a final service in the church, after which they tore down their house of worship to prevent its desecration. Schoenbrunn has since been rebuilt and is administered as an historic site by the Ohio Historical Society. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F01_020
Subjects: Religion in Ohio; Churches; Schoenbrunn (Ohio); Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808; New Philadelphia (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas Country (Ohio);
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Service station Wooster ave Dover O. Fagley- Campbell" The photo depicts two men standing outside a service station at night. In the window there is a Christmas tree and a sign that says "Seasons Greetings." It is most likely around Christmas time when this photo was taken. Wooster Ave is on of the main streets in Dover. It is still widely used today. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F01_038_001
Subjects: Station-service; Dover (Ohio); Dover (Ohio)--Biography--Pictorial works.
Places: Dover (Ohio); Tuscarawas Country (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1930-1939, this photograph shows the Beach City Dam in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, located on Sugar Creek, a tributary of the Tuscarawas River about nine miles north of New Philadelphia, Ohio. Built in 1936 for flood control and water conservation in the Muskingum Watershed, the embankment is 64 feet high and the crest is 35 feet wide. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_002_001
Subjects: Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Dams; Tuscarawas River; Photography--Ohio
Places: Tuscarawas Country (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of an American flag flying at the site of Fort Laurens, a Revolutionary War fort, near Bolivar, Ohio, November 1928. The fort was built in the fall of 1778 along the Tuscarawas River by the American army. American soldiers had been sent to the Ohio Country to defeat the Wyandot Indians, strong allies of the English, and to attack the British garrison at Detroit. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03614
Subjects: Fort Laurens (Ohio); Ohio--History, Military; American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Places: Bolivar (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of the historical site of Fort Laurens, a Revolutionary War fort, near Bolivar, Ohio, November 1928. The fort was built in the fall of 1778 along the Tuscarawas River by the American army. American soldiers had been sent to the Ohio Country to defeat the Wyandot Indians, strong allies of the English, and to attack the British garrison at Detroit. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03615
Subjects: Fort Laurens (Ohio); Ohio--History, Military; American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Places: Bolivar (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption on reverse reads: "Civil War monument of Major Henry Kaldenbaugh presented by him to Tuscarawas Co., comrades in the 51st Ohio Volunteer Infantry killed in action. New Philadelphia, O." This photograph shows the Civil War Monument presented by Major Henry Kaldenbaugh. In the background can be seen the World War I Doughboy memorial. Major Henry Kaldenbaugh served in the 51st infantry division in the Civil War, and left a bequest in his will for the construction of the monument to Union soldiers. The memorial is located on the corner of Broadway Street (Ohio Route 416) and High Avenue (Ohio Route 39) in New Philadelphia. Inscription reads: "Erected to my brave and gallant comrades of Tuscarawas County who fell in defense of our glorious Union, by a member of the 51st Ohio Vols. 1861 - 1865. Erected May 19, 1887. Presented by Major Henry Kaldenbaugh." Titled "Spirit of the American Doughboy" and "Copyrighted by E. M. Visquesney, Sculptor, Spencer, Indiana", this monument now stands in front of the Tuscarawas County Courthouse. It was erected in 1929 by the American Legion. The inscription reads: "In memory of the men and women of Tuscarawas County who served their country in the World War View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_056_1
Subjects: Monuments--Ohio; Memorials--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Monuments
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a draft of a map for New Philadelphia (1938), which was created for potential use in The Ohio Guide, and is covered with pencil marks, arrows and notes. A the top right corner is a North arrow, beneath which says "Ohio Guide, Federal Writers' Project 1938". The map is approximately centered on the Tuscarawas County Courthouse on the Corner of High Avenue and Broadway Street. It depicts the Tuscarawas River and Tuscora Park, as well as the C & P Railroad tracks, the abandoned Ohio Canal, and the East Avenue and Fair Street Cemeteries. From 1935 to 1942, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), through its Federal Writers' Project created The American Guide Series, which included forty-eight state guides, as well as supplemental guides for large cities, etc. The state guides are divided into three sections. In the first section are general essays about the state on things such as agriculture, culture, history, industry, religion, etc. The second section contains an overview of the various cities and towns around the state, as well as enumerating various points of interest. The last section is dedicated to various tours around the state. The tourist is taken from city to city, with turn by turn directions, and descriptions of what can be seen along the way. While much of the country has grown and changed since the guides were written, it is surprising how much remains, and sometimes more surprising what has been lost. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F14_005
Subjects: New Philadelphia (Ohio)--Maps; United States. Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Federal Writers' Project. Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Illustration showing the massacre of American Indians led by Colonel David Williamson of the Pennsylvania militia. In 1772, Moravian missionaries founded a mission for American Indians in the Ohio Country at Schoenbrunn ("Beautiful Spring" in German). Because of its success, Rev. David Zeisberger founded a second village in the same year at Gnadenhutten ("Tents of Grace" in German). Life at Gnadenhutten was similar to life at Schoenbrunn. On March 8 and 9, 1782, a group of Pennsylvania militiamen under the command of Williamson attacked the mission and the American Indians on site in retaliation for the deaths and kidnappings of several white Pennsylvanians, although this particular group of so-called "Christian Delaware" had recently returned from their new outpost at Upper Sandusky to forage for crops, and had no connection to the Pennsylvania attack. In all, Williamson's men murdered 28 men, 29 women, and 39 children, and the village was burned. There were only two survivors, who informed Moravian missionaries and other American Indians as to what had occurred. This illustration comes from William Dean Howells' "Stories of Ohio" (1897). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07916
Subjects: Gnadenhutten Massacre; Moravian Church -- Missions -- Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Delaware Indians -- History
Places: Gnadenhutten (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This engraving features a sketch of Fort McIntosh, which was established in 1778 near present-day Beaver, Pennsylvania. The log fort is situated on a bluff above the Ohio River, slightly less than a mile below the mouth of the Beaver River. Paths zigzag down the bluff to the river. The fort itself consists of logs placed horizontally; a flag attached to a flagpole is waving high above the palisade. A caption below the drawing reads: “View of Fort McIntosh.” The western wilderness played a major role in American, British, and American Indian strategy during the American Revolution. In May 1778, General George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, ordered Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh to establish a new fort in the Western Department, one of the regional divisions within the Continental Army. The Western Division included the area that would become the Northwest Territory, including the future state of Ohio. The French engineer who designed the fort, Chevalier DeCambray, named it in honor of its new commander. During the American Revolution, Fort McIntosh had the largest assembly of troops west of the Alleghenies. Originally the fort was intended to be the starting point for an offensive against the British garrison at Detroit and against the Wyandot Indians. At the time, most American Indians residing in the Ohio Country allied themselves with the British. Although they were neutral in the conflicts, the Christian Delaware Indians were among the few natives who were friendly to the Americans. During November 1778, McIntosh decided not to carry out his orders due to the winter months that lay ahead. Rather he decided to wait until the warmer spring months before conducting his attacks. Instead, he ordered the construction of a fort along the Tuscarawas River (Fort Laurens, near modern-day Bolivar, Ohio) to help his men survive the harsh winter weather. Fort Laurens was Ohio’s only Revolutionary War fort. In 1785 Fort McIntosh was the site of meeting where a treaty was signed by representatives of the Continental Congress and by American Indian tribal leaders from the Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa, and Wyandot. They signed a treaty that surrendered control of American Indian lands in southern and eastern Ohio to the United States government. Most Indians rejected the validity of the treaty, and rather than improving relations, the Treaty of Fort McIntosh only intensified existing tensions between the United States government and the Indian tribes. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06155
Subjects: McIntosh, Lachlan, 1725-1806; Treaties; Fortification--Pennsylvania; American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Places: Beaver (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1930-1939, this photograph shows a World War I monument, topped with a Doughboy soldier holding a rifle in his left hand and holding a grenade in his raised right hand, in the foreground and a Civil War monument in the background. The World War I monument is titled Spirit of the American Doughboy and is copyrighted by E.M. Visquesney, a sculptor from Spencer, Indiana. It was erected in 1929 by the American Legion and now stands in front of the Tuscarawas County Courthouse, with an inscription which reads "In memory of the men and women of Tuscarawas County who served their country in the World War." The Civil War monument was presented by Major Henry Kaldenbaugh who served in the 51st infantry division and left a bequest in his will for the construction of the monument to Union soldiers. The memorial is located on the corner of Broadway Street (Ohio Route 416) and High Avenue (Ohio Route 39) in New Philadelphia, Ohio. Its inscription reads "Erected to my brave and gallant comrades of Tuscarawas County who fell in defense of our glorious Union, by a member of the 51st Ohio Vols. 1861 - 1865. Erected May 19, 1887. Presented by Major Henry Kaldenbaugh." This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_039_1
Subjects: Memorials--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Monuments; Sculpture; Winter; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Handwritten on reverse: "WPA Collection. Ohio Guide." This photographic montage, presumably made for possible use in The Ohio Guide, is made up of Tuscarawas County newspaper mastheads, headlines and miscellaneous articles and photographs, most of which are dated around December 7, 1938. Newspaper mastheads that appear in the photograph include: Dennison Daily Paragraph, The Daily Times, The Evening Chronicle (Uhrichsville), The Budget, Strasburg Record, The Daily Reporter, Newcomerstown News. Headlines that appear include: "Thomas Kemp", "Officers Installed On Tuesday Evening", "Christmas Play Sunday Dec. 18", "Wardell - Ricker Nuptials", "Cooking Show Opens Friday For Two Days", "Creek Project Comes to Life After Parley", and "Tax Protest Spreads as Town Meet Nears". From 1935 to 1942, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), through its Federal Writers' Project created The American Guide Series, which included forty-eight state guides, as well as supplemental guides for large cities, etc. The state guides are divided into three sections. In the first section are general essays about the state on things such as agriculture, culture, history, industry, religion, etc. The second section contains an overview of the various cities and towns around the state, as well as enumerating various points of interest. The last section is dedicated to various tours around the state. The tourist is taken from city to city, with turn by turn directions, and descriptions of what can be seen along the way. While much of the country has grown and changed since the guides were written, it is surprising how much remains, and sometimes more surprising what has been lost. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F16_069
Subjects: Montages; United States. Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Federal Writers' Project. Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: The caption reads: "Interior of Garver Bros Departments Store, Strassburg O. The "Worlds Largest Country Store.'" The store was started by Phillip A. Garver in 1866. It thrived under his sons, George Rudolph and Gustave Albert. From 1903 to 1970 it was known as the country's largest general store. They were able to compete with large retailers such as Sears and JCPenny. The store was closed in 1970. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_014_001
Subjects: Strasburg (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio); General stores
Places: Strasburg (Ohio); Tuscarawas (Ohio)